Cigarette Smoking and Treatment Outcomes in Graves' Ophthalmopathy
This study determined that smoking increased the risks of ophthalmopathy and decreased the effectiveness of treatment. Annals of Internal Medicine. (October 15, 1998)
eMedicine: Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
Incidence, causes, physical signs, symptoms, history, lab and imaging studies, medical and surgical treatments.
Graves' Eye Disease
The Angeles Vision Clinic presents descriptions and photos that show how excessive levels of thyroid hormones and related antibodies attack the muscles of the eye. Includes treatment and illustrations.
Graves' Eye Disease
This personal account features photographs taken before, during and after surgery.
Graves' Eye Disease
The clinical features and treatment for this condition also known as thyroid eye disease (TED) or Graves' opthalmopathy (GO). From the Thyroid Foundation of Canada.
Graves' Ophthalmopathy
VisionChannel presents an article about the treatment of thyroid eye disease which occurs independently from Graves' disease.
North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society: Thyroid Eye Disease
Describes thyroid orbitopathy, including an explanation of how the eye muscles are affected, treatment and an FAQ.
The Eye and the Thyroid Gland
Includes information about the eye problems (ophthalmopathy) associated with both Graves' disease and autoimmune thyroiditis.
The Eyes and the Thyroid Gland
Information on the management of Graves' ophthalmopathy. From the University of Ottawa Eye Institute.
Thyroid Eye Disease
Treatment of exophthalmos through naturopathy, supported by acupuncture, acupressure, and magnetic treatment, eye care and eyeball exercises.
Thyroid Eye Disease
An FAQ that answers some of the most common questions regarding this disorder.
Thyroid Eye Disease
Describes Thyroid Related Orbitopathy (TRO) which has been known to occur as much as 30 years after Graves' disease has been treated. Causes, incidence and the role of the eye specialist.
Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves' Disease)
Explains exophthalmos, edema and dry eye associated with TED.
